Teachers

**TEACHERS WANTED AD: **
==== " //Wanted Immediately: Sober diligent Schoolmaster capable of teaching READING, WRITING, ARITHMETICK, and the Latin TONGUE... Any Person qualified as above, and well recommended, will be put into immediate Possession of the School, on applying to the Minister of Charles Parish, York County// ." -The Virginia Gazette, August 20, 1772 ====

**WHO COULD TEACH?**
====Teachers came from a variety of sources, such as mothers or fathers who offered to teach other children along with their own. Others might be ministers or lawyers or men and women who had had the benefit of what constituted "higher learning" in the late 1700s and 1800s. Teachers were predominately male until the early 1800s, with women becoming more prevalent as time went by. Women were perceived to have a higher moral character than men, although men earned higher wages. Then, as now, [|salaries]for teachers were a source of heated debate. Among the many arguments was the fact that a male teacher could not afford to support a family solely on a teacher’s salary. One reason for preferring men in the earlier schools was the belief that women would not be able to inflict the necessary discipline to maintain order within the school. Expectations for teachers were high. They served not only as instructors but also as janitors and disciplinarians. They averaged as many as 10 hours each day, 5 1/2 or 6 days a week. They were expected to see that the schoolhouse was clean and orderly at all times.Sometimes women were hired to teach only during planting and harvesting, when the older boys would be needed in the fields. Often times, teachers had to "board round" with local families throughout the school year. ====


 * ====[[image:timeline_1857_grads.jpg width="195" height="184" caption="Normal School Graduates 1857"]] ==== ||~  ||= ====media type="youtube" key="Gl7WpYCdarc" width="373" height="251" align="right" ==== ||

====At the beginning of the 19th century there were no formal teacher training programs. As long as one could prove they were literate, they could teach. In the 1820s, teacher training was offered to what would be high school students today. In 1823, Samuel R. Hall opened a private "Normal" school which provided a 2-year teacher training program. In 1839, the state of Massachusetts opened a public "Normal" school funded by the government. Normal schools were established to provide systematic training of teachers. Their goal was to prepare teachers beyond the simple grammar school education that many teachers previously brough to the classroom. They strived to provide a norm for all teachers that would assure a level of quality. Toward the end of the 19th century, "Normal" schools transitioned into 4-year degree-granting programs, and in 1887 New York University implemented the first graduate program in education. ====
 * Teacher Education **

 If a candidate had not completed college, he or she was given the following exam:

 * = ====Three boys have some eggs to sell.Each sells his eggs for the same rate and returns home with the same amount of money. How much did they sell the eggs for, and how much did they have in total? ====

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